王剀1,2, 陈宏满1, 任金龙3
1 中国科学院昆明动物研究所，昆明，云南，中国
2 Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
3 中国科学院成都生物研究所，成都，四川，中国
2017年内，我国累计新发现两栖爬行动物新物种22种新亚种2种，隶属于4目，10科17属。其中两栖类包括了无尾目Anura的角蟾科Megophryidae（掌突蟾属Leptolalax、异角蟾属Xenophrys）、蛙科Ranidae（湍蛙属Amolops、琴蛙属 Nidirana、蛙属Rana、臭蛙属Odorrana[见下文关于 Odorrana arunachalensis的属级讨论]）、树蛙科Rhacophoridae（溪树蛙属Buergeria、纤树蛙属Gracixalus、原指树蛙属Kurixalus、树蛙属Rhacophorus）和有尾目的Caudata蝾螈科Salamandridae（疣螈属Tylototriton）；爬行类包括了有鳞目Squamata的鬣蜥科Agamidae（攀蜥属Japalura）、游蛇科Colubridae（后棱蛇属Opisthotropis）、蜥蜴科Lacertidae（草蜥属Takysdromus）、石龙子科Scincidae（石龙子属Plestiodon）、蝮蛇科Viperidae（亚洲蝮属Gloydius）以及龟鳖目Tesudines的地龟科Geoemydidae（闭壳龟属Coura）。
其中，新物种最多的属为异角蟾属（4种），分布于我国东南（广东）和西南地区（云南、贵州），其次是树蛙属和后棱蛇属（各2种），均分布于我国东南地区。从地理格局角度来看，2017年发现描述的新物种分布格局较2016年不同，分散于全国13省及地区（包括钓鱼岛）（2016年则集中于云南和西藏两省）（Wang & Chen, 2017 [22]）。尽管所涉及省份较多，绝大多数新物种集中发现于广东省（4种）和安徽省（3新种1新亚种）。同时，2017年中国增加两栖爬行动物新纪录4种（棱皮树蛙属、异角蟾属、瘰螈属及疣螈属）。
结合先前数据，截止2017年年底，我国共记录报道两栖动物468种，爬行动物481种 (Cai et al., 2015; Wang & Chen, 2017 [22])。在此我们总结2017年所描述新物种，同时本文总结了中国两栖爬行动物在2017年内发生的主要分类变动。
新物种
两栖类Amphibia
新都桥湍蛙 Amolops xinduqiao (四川省) [4]
王聿凡 摄
太田溪树蛙 Buergeria otai (台湾省) [24]
自 Wang et al., 2017 [24]
井冈纤树蛙 Gracixalus jinggangensis (江西省) [30]
吕植桐 摄
冷泉原指树蛙 Kurixalus lenquanensis (云南省) [28]
王剀 摄
猫儿山掌突蟾Leptolalax maoershanensis (广西自治区) [29]
自Yuan et al., 2017 [29]
藏南臭蛙Odorrana arunachalensis (西藏自治区) [16]
讨论：Saikia 等[16]提供的属级划分所依据的形态特征并不具备鉴别性，无法将其新种划分至臭蛙属Odorrana。而依据作者提供的鉴别特征（如钝宽头部）及图片，该物种极可能归属于倭蛙属Nanorana。
自Saikia 等[16]. 上行：正模雄性；下行：副模雌性
南昆山琴蛙Nidirana nankunensis (广东省) [8]
自 Lyu et al., 2017 [8]
大别山林蛙Rana dabieshanensis (安徽省) [20]
自Wang et al., 2017 [18]
栾川林蛙Rana luanchuanensis (河南省) [32]
自 Zhao et al., 2017 [32]
安徽树蛙 Rhacophorus zhoukaiyae (安徽省) [12]
自 Pan et al., 2017 [12]
丽水树蛙 Rhacophorus lishuiensis (浙江省) [7]
王聿凡 摄
红股异角蟾Megophrys (Xenophrys) rubrimera (云南省) [18]
自 Tapley et al., 2017 [18]
南澳岛异角蟾Xenophrys insularis (广东省) [21]
自 Wang et al., 2017 [21]
荔波异角蟾Xenophrys liboensis (贵州省) [31]
自 Zhang et al., 2017 [31]
丽水异角蟾 Xenophrys lishuiensis (浙江省) [25]
王聿凡 摄
安徽疣螈Tylototriton anhuiensis (安徽省) [13]
自 Qian et al., 2017 [13]
爬行类Reptilia
金头闭壳龟大别山亚种Coura aurocapitata dabieshani (安徽省) [19]
自 Torsten et al., 2017. [19]
三线闭壳龟海南亚种Coura trifasciata luteocephala (海南省) [19]
自 Torsten et al., 2017. [19]
红斑高山蝮Gloydius rubromaculatus (青海省) [17]
自Shi et al., 2017 [17]
深圳后棱蛇Opisthotropis shenzhenensis (广东省) [26]
自 Wang et al., 2017 [26]
赵氏后棱蛇Opisthotropis zhaoermii (湖南省) [15]
自 Ren et al., 2017 [15]
怒江攀蜥Japalura slowinskii (云南省) [14]
王剀 摄
钓鱼岛石龙子 Plestiodon takarai (台湾省钓鱼岛) [6]
自 Kurita et al., 2017 [6]
天井山草蜥 Takysdromus albomaculosus (广东省) [27]
自 Wang et al., 2017.[27] 左栏为雄性、右栏为雌性
新纪录及分类变更
Jiang et al.,[10]记录蔡氏疣螈Tylototriton ziegleri为中国两栖类新记录，分布于云南省南部。
自Nishikawa et al., 2013.[11] 雄性正模
Zhang et al.,[33]记录越南瘰螈Paramesotriton deloustali为中国两栖类新记录，分布于云南省南部。
任金龙 摄
康定湍蛙Amolops kangtingensis 被定为四川湍蛙 A. mantzorum的同物异名 [4]
自Fei et al., 2017.[4] Topotypic specimen of A. mantzorum.
Lyu et al., [8]依据分子、形态及求偶鸣叫的声学证据，从拇棘蛙属Babina中恢复了琴蛙属Nidirana的有效性。同时，腹斑蛙N. caldwelli被列为弹琴蛙N. adenopleura 的同物异名。依据其研究结果，琴蛙属目前包括8种，即琉球琴蛙N. okinawana、弹琴蛙N. adenopleura、海南琴蛙N. hainanensis、沙巴琴蛙N. chapaensis、仙琴蛙N. daunchina、林琴蛙N. lini、南昆山琴蛙N. nankunensis以及滇蛙N. pleuraden。
自 Lyu et al., 2017 [8]
依据形态学数据，Hou et al., [9] 将广西棱皮树蛙Theloderma kwangsiense 列为北部湾棱皮树蛙T. corticale的同物异名. 同时文章首次报道双���棱皮树蛙T. bicolor在中国的分布记录。依据研究结果，中国目前记录分布有棱皮树蛙属物种6种，包括了白斑棱皮树蛙T. albopunctatum、背崩棱皮树蛙T. baibengense、双色棱皮树蛙T. bicolor、北部湾棱皮树蛙T. corticale、棘棱皮树蛙T. moloch、以及红吸盘棱皮树蛙T. rhododiscus. [9]
From Hou et al., 2017. [9] A–F 分别为(A) T. albopunctatum, (B) T. baibengense, (C) T. bicolor, (D) T. corticale, (E) T. moloch, 及 (F) T. rhododiscus
Chen et al., [2]依据形态，分子和地理分布数据，建议从广义角蟾属Megophrys sensu lato中恢复无耳蟾属（Atympanophrys）和异角蟾属（Xenophrys），真正的角蟾属局限分布在巽他古陆（Sundaland）。中国先前记录的广义角蟾属物种现被归为无耳蟾属及异角蟾属属下。此外，依据分子数据，记录一中国新纪录，茅索异角蟾Xenophrys maosonensis，分布于我国云南省东南部。
From Chen et al., 2017 [2]
依据形态及分子数据，Kurita et al., [6]将中国石龙子白斑亚种提升为种，即白斑石龙子Plestiodon chinensis leucostictus，分布于台湾东部。而因为形态重叠且分子差异较小，作者建议将中国石龙子台湾亚种 P. c. formosensis 列为指名亚种 P. c. chinensis的同物异名 [6]
自 Kurita et al., 2017. [6] 左栏：中国石龙子台湾亚种Plestiodon chinensis formosensis； 右栏： 白斑石龙子P. leucostictus. 自上而下各行分别代表同种的不同年龄阶段（最上行为幼体）
自上世纪采集后，Wang et al., [23]首次于野外再次发现玉龙攀蜥Japalura yulongensis活体，同时于云南西北部新发现玉龙攀蜥种群，增补其生态、保育及分布数据。
自 Wang et al., 2017 [23]
Wang et al., [26]依据新采标本，对福建后棱蛇Opisthotropis maxwelli 及香港后棱蛇 O. andersonii 进行了再描述。
自Wang et al., 2017 [26]. 左侧两栏: 福建后棱蛇Opisthotropis maxwelli; 右侧两栏: 香港后棱蛇O. andersonii.
依据全基因组数据，Chen et al., [3]将晨蛇属 Orthriophis 重新划归为锦蛇属 Elaphe 的同物异名，随之坎氏锦蛇O. cantoris，南峰锦蛇O. hodgsoni, 百花锦蛇O. moellendorffi以及黑眉锦蛇O. taeniurus又重新回归锦蛇属。
自 Chen et al., 2017 [3]
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2017中国两栖爬行动物新种、新纪录及分类变动
引用：王剀, 陈宏满, 任金龙 (2018). 2017中国两栖爬行动物新种、新纪录及分类变动. 发表于中国两栖类 (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/55-56)